A Systematic Review of Open Educational Resources (OER) Research (2017–2025): Trends, Thematic Shifts, and Future Directions

Abstract

This study presents a systematic literature review of research on open educational resources published between 2017 and 2025. Using the PRISMA guidelines, 18 studies were selected and a thematic analysis approach was used to identify research trends, thematic shifts, and future directions. Five themes emerged: open pedagogy and co-creation; integrated pedagogical strategies; empirical achievement and equity; behavioural and identity typologies; and barriers to adoption. The findings indicate a clear shift in OER research from access-oriented discussions towards pedagogically grounded and empirically informed studies. Directions for future research are proposed to support meaningful and sustainable OER implementation.